(b) Suitable legal and institutional arrangement to enable markets and liberal democracy to spread on a trans world scale. Rethinking convergence/culture. Conversation and symbolic exchanges lead people to construct ideas of the world, the rules for social interaction, and ways of being and belonging in that world. Start your research with authoritative encyclopedias and handbooks in the social and behavioral sciences. The developed countries of the world today experience a process of multiculturalism, wherein they are facing the problems generated by extreme ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Over time, such a convergence of diverse social groups could lead to a unified global society with greater uniformity amongst its members. There are various challenges that a multicultural society has to face. The natural environment with a limited and gradual impact on culture is relatively stable. Most of these are apolitical. And no one can ever give you the right to kill others just because they belong to a different religion, ideology or sect as long as they do not mean to harm you. Thank you so much. Though some identify world system theory as an alternative or precursor to globalization theories (given Wallerstein's own writing, which distinguished his view from globalization views 11), its focus on a kind of planetary global logic interrelates with globalization theories emerging in the 1980s and 1990s. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 2022 - EDUCBA. On the contrary, low-income nations have taken longer to integrate into the global economy than others, partly due to their policies and partly due to causes beyond their control. Among the main Characteristics of globalization Are to promote the creation of new markets, create the ideal scenario for exchanges in different areas and, in some cases, represent a risk to the sovereignties of nations.. Galbraith explained the inevitability of convergence because the large scale of production, characteristic of developed capitalist and socialist countries, requires an approximately similar planning and organization system. The opposite of heterogeneity is homogeneity meaning that all studies show the same effect. The growing economic disparity between high-income and low-income nations is a cause for concern. In the area of knowledge, the way that the people know their world has significant implications for the concrete circumstances of that world. Your email address will not be published. It does not focus on the problem of globalisation per se. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Economic growth and sustainable development. Among those who predict increasing cultural homogeneity as a result of globalization, some believe that divisive identity politics will not survive the increased interdependence brought about by a global culture. These countries have a powerful central government that is well-funded through taxes. Modernisation theorists examine the countrys internal factors affecting its progress (eg: economic policies of the country) as it adapts to new technology, as well as the socio-political changes that arise. color, shape, size, weight, height, distribution, texture, language, income, disease, temperature, radioactivity, architectural design, etc. World-systems theory emphasises the significance of the entire globe as a whole instead of individual nations. Browse other research paper examples for more inspiration. One of the options for convergence was proposed by the outstanding Dutch mathematician and economist Tinbergen, who put forward the theory of optimal order (Don, 2019). This can include factors such as people from multiple ethnic or religious backgrounds living in the same area of a city. So, if one brings together different studies for analysing them or doing a meta-analysis, it is clear that there will be differences found. Given this interconnectedness, globalisation may be defined as a process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organisation of social relations and transactions, expressed in transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction and power.. There are other relations of dominance and subordination which relate to state, culture, gender, race, sex, and more. It asserted that societies around the globe were continuously becoming more and more alike despite diverse cultural backgrounds (Brubaker, 2022). Under globalization, cultural imperialism happens with minimal resistance. BMJ 2007; 334 :94. No reason can stand solid for killing innocent fellow human beings; not even the differences in views and opinions. It puts emphasis on the empirical world, the subordination of nature to human control, objectivist science, and instrumentalist efficiency. Knowledge frameworks cannot be reduced to forces of production, governance or identity. According to this theory, the further nations progress along their industrialization journey towards becoming fully industrialized powers, they will increasingly emulate other developed countries in terms of technology and cultural norms. This mode of production involves perpetual and pervasive contests over the distribution of surplus. Efforts are to be made to prevent globalisation from unfairly aiding the development and prosperity of advanced nations alone either by reevaluating the guidelines for international trade or by simply forcing core countries to foster development in underdeveloped nations. And the same variety, many believe, is the beauty of it. Their success lies in attention to what will work in any country and what wont. If people then experience other cultures that have different values and normal behaviors, they will find that the thought patterns appropriate to their birth culture and the meanings their birth culture attaches to behaviors are not appropriate for the new cultures. Social globalization. Following this, they were able to become the price maker. It subordinates all other ways of understanding and acting upon the world. Its knowledge could then be applied to harness natural and social forces for human purposes. Exploration, military conquest, missionary work, and tourism were formerly used to facilitate the exchange of ideas, but technology has dramatically accelerated the rate of diffusion. It covers the full scope of societal regulation. Governance relates processes whereby people formulate, implement, enforce and review rules to guide their common affairs. It entails more than government. Heterogeneity in aging has traditionally been represented in approaches to healthy versus pathological aging. Convergence theory predicts that cultures worldwide will gradually grow increasingly similar due to globalization. Differences in thoughts can never harm you unless they are pursued with extremist sentiments and ultimately guided to violence and terror. His major is International Relations and minors are Political Science and Sociology. are not reducible to class dynamics within capitalism. In "Glocalization:Time-Space and Homogeneity-Heterogeneity" sociologist Roland Robertson suggests replacing the concept of globalization with the concept of "glocalization".In using "glocalization" rather than globalization Robertson wishes to blur the boundaries between the local and the global. This often becomes a reason for misunderstandings, sometimes aggression in the interaction of representatives of opposing worldviews, preferences or traditions. It is really fine that the different cultures in the world sustain their identity and even be proud of their historical and cultural backgrounds but they are never entitled to subjugate and devalue others cultures and values. Like, the Greek culture is being spread over Africa, Asia, and Europe which can be seen in the cities having the name of Alexander in Africa, Turkey, and Egypt. Every individual is bound to be different in some way or the other from others. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. In the mid-1960s, American sociologist Clark Kerr introduced a groundbreaking concept the theory of convergence. He can be reached at dilawar.sherzai@gmail.com. This would indicate that there is a start date to the globalisation period, the end of the Cold War being a popular option for most. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2011.600527. Beyond that, import substitute industrialisation or ISI is an example of a suggestion to end dependency between nations. The development of technology improving transport and communication has facilitated the growth of globalisation which includes sharing of language, culture, wealth and products. Increase the tolerant and cosmopolitan attitude of the world community. Shreya provides background and context on the importance and use of decisionsupport tools via mobile devices in primary healthcare settings, whilst also summarizing a 2021 Cochrane review on this topic. Earlier nationalism promoted territorialism, capitalism, and statism, now these plural identities are feeding more and more globality, hyper-capitalism and polycentrism. Here are some examples: Multinational corporations operate on a global scale, with satellite offices and branches in numerous locations. Thus globalization is the process of expanding the system from the regional or national level to encompass the entire planet. We believe that the effects of globalization on the MDGs is creating a more homogeneous global economy and culture. Postmodernism, like Marxism, helps to go beyond the relatively superficial accounts of liberalist and political realist theories and expose social conditions that have favoured globalisation. Today, convergence theory is a valuable tool for understanding the effects of increased global interconnectedness on societies and cultures worldwide. The word heterogeneous refers to a mix of different components. However, none should substitute multiculturalism as it is the evolution human beings have made in their social lives. Advocates of this theory are interested in questions of state power, the pursuit of national interest, and conflict between states. Modernisation theorys core argument is that with economic growth and development, any country can become advanced, industrialised and follow the footsteps of Western democratic countries in their goals. National, class, religious and other identities respond in part to material conditions but they also depend on inter-subjective construction and communication of shared self-understanding. This dominant structure of knowledge in modern society is rationalism. Accordingly, capitalists attempt to amass ever-greater resources in excess of their survival needs: accumulation of surplus. Today, convergence theory is used to understand the effects of globalization and how it impacts different societies. Such explanations come mostly from Business Studies, Economics, International Political Economy, Law and Politics. Learn more. 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