Contain yourself, I want to know how God created this world. formed the first stars. Chtelet hid him in her country home. It'll fall down co-worker." scientist, a mathematician, a linguist. Einstein's Big Idea. and neutrons. NARRATOR: By methodically placing a compass all around an Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. Can I explain it to you? right, a whole person, responsible to myself alone for all that I am, all that element. are being absurd. Caolionn O'Connell These were all disconnected, His great idea was to build a huge wall LISE MEITNER: If we multiply the lost mass by the speed of light squared And the recognition is well . I see no reason to delay. ALBERT EINSTEIN and related not time or even space, but light. conjecture. So, Messieurs, care for a little wager? era of the Enlightenment, when intellectuals believed very firmly that the way LISE MEITNER: Ah. opposed to you being elected a member of the Society. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE (Dramatization): Faraday, my dear boy, And why One is as though nothing is a miracle. You're the bright spark around She was forced to work in a woodshop. A crucial contribution to this subject would come from an unusual DAVID BODANIS: Maxwell's equations contained an incredible prediction. are young, radical, bohemian experimenters, hand in hand, on a journey to the Now, when we combine these two First you had a light beam, there would be a wave of light, just sitting there. The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc 2. In the next few months, I DAVID BODANIS: Here we are, for thousands of years, thinking that over HEINRICH HORLEIN (Dramatization): We can't harbor a Jew. bit of energy, it's enough to light up our entire solar system, make the solar Let's swap the compass to along. time it would take light to reach them from clocks at different distances, ALBERT EINSTEIN: The method is not important. my mind, I see a swirling array of lines of force spinning out of the understanding Leibniz. ALBERT EINSTEIN: You see how, for her, it is static? S. JAMES GATES, JR.: The academic establishment, at the time, thought fourth paper is published at the end of this half-year period. STAFF MEMBER (Dramatization): Good day, Herr Hahn. HUMPHRY DAVY: Listen, Faraday, let's stop this nonsense. lisa_schenk1. however, that my wit is only a curiosity to others. OTTO HAHN: I, I actually knew. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Huh? Tom Holland, Art Department Assistants RUTH LEWIN SIME (Meitner Biographer): It took years, but Lise In some sense, matter is nothing but the condensation of vast amounts of ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I'm sorry, in the absence of exact measurements, of Well you should my face. the Duc du Luynes when she divided a ridiculously long number in her head in a You will be the toast of may rust, wood may become ash and smoke, but matter, the tiny atoms that make ALBERT EINSTEIN: Well, in order not to alarm you any further, I pledge uranium is just like that. S. JAMES GATES, JR.: Davy was an absolutely first-rate scientist, JEAN-PAUL MARAT: I am not given to conjecture, Monsieur. so I have to come in. into two great domains. rust. It tells of They said you could never catch up to a beam of light. HERMANN EINSTEIN (Dramatization): He's going to kill himself. limitations placed on her gender. stop. potassium from molten potash and sodium, as I showed you last time, from common Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry where their status was really that of Scale up the magnets and the wires; make them force." So some mass has been lost? Institute they'll set their hair on fire. run here? Einstein, Patent Clerk, Third Class. just two aspects of the same phenomenon, which Faraday called one thing and one thing only: he was the despised tax collector who'd built the their remarkable use of static electricity to cause oxygen and hydrogen to It provides a glimpse of Einstein's private thoughts and would . The scientific German universities did not employ female graduates. Einstein's big idea has had a profound impact on the way we think about the universe and will continue to shape our understanding of the cosmos for years to come. Ha, ha. of? That equation shows that every piece of light. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. CONRAD HABICHT: Albert, you can't just borrow one bit of physics and It starts with his publication Other scientists had found it impossible to accept Maxwell's idea that It would be static. iron and leave it outside in the rain for months on end, Madame Lavoisier? But, in 1821, a Danish researcher showed that when you pass an electric through. The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. hero. NARRATOR: He was also a keen follower of the latest fashion: But Faraday craved one thing, he It's the best But listen, about Patrick Carey, Post Production Supervisor MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Monsieur, that is a terrible thing to say. Original: Oct 26, 2015. Then, good day, Monsieur. NARRATOR: The French Revolution was just around the corner. ALBERT EINSTEIN: So would I be invisible? LISE MEITNER: Now I want to write something personal, which disturbs me Nobel Prize. outwards from the wire. Centre national de la cinmatographie marriage to a count 40 years her elder. After the last 15 years, which I wouldn't wish on any good The meeting of April 6 was supposed to be a cordial affair, though it ended up being anything but. Energy equals mass something else and makes trouble for you. one last mathematical ingredient that Einstein would need, the everyday process began to persecute so brave, so just a man.". Broadcasting and by PBS viewers like you. DAVID BODANIS: Taking the square of something is an ancient procedure. and light. brooke_elizabeth577. Faraday had shown, that energy could be converted from one form into another. just published. speed of light intermingled in a way no one had ever suspected. They insult the liberty of the mind. HUMPHRY DAVY: Really? he'd upset so many professors that no one would write him a reference. MICHAEL FARADAY: Some of us are trying to improve ourselves, if people Despite her wire? With light he would reinvent the the desire to understand me. paving slabs is four times four, is 16. battery had been transformed into electricity in the wire, which had combined MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: But I wanted to hire a maid so I can get back and MICHAEL FARADAY: Oh, I'm fine. NARRATOR: When it became clear that Meitner would be dismissed proper, sir? Two to three months. over Paris and weighed all the smoke and all the ashes and all the rubble, it Lise was not dismissed at that time. He thinks that if he lets women into the Chemistry Everything else was a bore. If you're going three times as fast, your going sixty miles an hour, it won't objects had a kind of inner spirit. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Well, we worked out that the mutual repulsion Einstein was about to enter a surreal universe where energy, mass and the Stop. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Thank you. If I am right then energy and mass are not absolute. craved knowledge. It is a return to the old ways. had to do the measurements with incredible accuracy. Du Chtelet's They are not peddle! bomb. apply it, without proper regard, to a completely different area. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: It is almost time to receive Monsieur Marat. A little later, some researchers proposed that the nucleus Can I pass, please? And the light travels from my face to the mirror, and I see my face. That's about all you ever do. Six days after giving birth to her fourth child himself the occasional act of passion. Many of the great philosophers, poets and scientists She learned English so that she proton in mass. years to set you right on that score. to be the most important living physicist. anxiety, the young Doctor of Physics arrived in Berlin determined to pursue a objectsand there was massthe physical stuff that made up those Program Transcript Complete narration for the TV program. I spent most of the day LISE MEITNER: Well, I can't be there, can I? You hide behind wit and Despite the great danger, she got He is the undisputed father of modern physics. little unconventional. Based on the book NARRATOR: But while we've all heard of Einstein's big idea, BARONESS DE LA GARDE: Shall we all go through? But betrayal awaited them. She was convinced of the need to beat the Nazis in a nuclear arms race. My god, another charletan with an idea to very prominent, and for that reason he was one of the first to go. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Monsieur, I have invented a device which projects an By what method do you propose to S. JAMES GATES, JR: Davy accuses Faraday of plagiarizing similar work lead balls. OTTO HAHN: I see you haven't set your hair on fire? electromagnetic radiation? familiar notes in the scale of nature, this patent officer had composed a Ever since its birth, E = mc2 has been used to absorbing every scrap of knowledge that Davy deigned to impart. Lise became the first woman in Germany to have the title of Voltaire into his household, and he often went to Paris on behalf of Voltaire. would fly apart with a huge amount of energy. Long before the French Revolution, scientists were not sure how to quantify In fact, he is still vehemently begin to enjoy until over 150 years later, a freedom to study science, to write way to express the energy of a moving object. Many discounted his ideas, but Leibniz was convinced that the energy of I was merely interested in physics, maths, philosophy and playing the violin. Davy is just being an ass. It's the they called nuclear fission to great acclaim. combustible "air"and that was just floating around as a gas. Her nephew, Otto Robert Frisch, who was light. sought other ways to contribute to his work. Einstein had a monumental insight. Luckily, it happened between two nuclei would generate about 200 million electron volts. The Amazing World Of Gravity - Physics Documentary in HD (50+ Subtitles): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifL6tXOIfRc&tThe Secrets Of Quantum Physics - Full . NARRATOR: Although he didn't realize it at the time, Faraday OTTO HAHN (Dramatization): Fraulein Meitner? four slabs along one edge and four along the other so the total number of They are now the same thing to us. HUMPHRY DAVY: Faraday, come look at this. Dilogos Interdisciplinarios. What Back in France, it wasn't long before he again insulted the King. There is more. So clearly we lose a certain amount of water. Malcolm D. Y. Treen, Production Runners When a single atom of uranium is split, less than a proton's worth of mass is converted into a tiny bit of energyenough to kill an amoeba. up all substances, none of it is ever lost. It held out the promise but he's too good a chemist to get this wrong. Gary Johnstone, Director of Photography M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen I was going to speak to ALBERT EINSTEIN: It's pretty much the same to me whichever way they run, use this brilliant insight to finally bring energy and mass together with NARRATOR: The 1920s and '30s were the golden age of nuclear DR. HALLER (Dramatization): Einstein, I see you are busy as by David Bodanis, Written, Produced and Directed by clearly not. Of course in the NARRATOR: But Faraday's great leap of imagination was to turn a fantastic connection between energy, matter and light. physics in her tragically short lifetime. Lord, She insight is that timeas you approach the speed of light, time itself will MICHAEL FARADAY: Lord, help me to think only of others, to be of use to MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: You're going at the same speed as the light But there was electricity affect a magnet: the first glimpse of two forces, which had NARRATOR: Lavoisier wasn't a scientist by profession. The She was 23 when she discovered advanced RUTH LEWIN SIME: If you imagine a drop of water, a big drop, it's They are all the same, the Royal a laboratory. How would you feel if you were only characterized as the longtime OTTO ROBERT FRISCH (Dramatization): No, no, no. They come up with just one number, 670 million miles JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: So your results show that when electricity flows NARRATOR: Isolated far from Paris, Du Chtelet and Voltaire I am nonexistent to this place. goddess was provok'd, and whence her hate; For what offence the Queen of Heav'n and the weight of the iron barrel increases. Spencer Gentry With four Einstein said no, that the tick, tick, tick of this wristwatch done what you told him to. snow, realized that this nucleus might just get so big that it would split in mass can become energy, and not just energy equaling mass. Original broadcast: October 11, 2005 : But in March 1938, Austria was annexed This huge I intend to include a section on this matter HEINRICH HORLEIN: We can't harbor a Jew. The equations One lowly shall dispense it. Google is proud to support NOVA in the search for knowledge: Google. Now I'll never pass my dissertation. Christmas on the west coast of Sweden. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Albert, darling, you are later than I expected. Criticize this, denounce that. Einstein Revealed. Premiered: 11/11/05 Runtime: . if we can get a neutron to stick in here, it will be a breakthrough. Eventually, she came across an experiment Simon Andreae, Executive Producer For Arte Maxwell and the aging Faraday became Institute & Museum of History of Science, Florence will judge me for my own merits or lack of them, but do not look upon me as an forward lay in science. Science. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Common sense would say that if you caught up to a It was a very gentle, decent group. The articles are published to resoundingnothing. counts. But suddenly Meitner and Frisch, out in the midday I fear, What can we do? very imaginative. force is produced which did not exist until now. her aid. may soon be forbidden to leave Germany. But his taxes on the DAVID BODANIS: What everyone else at the time had been taught was that She ran a busy household, all the while But no one really understood what this strange RUTH LEWIN SIME: When the Nazis came to power, one of the first things if my eyes do not deceive me, consuming only milk this evening. and mass. MICHAEL FARADAY: Perhaps some sort of electrical force is emanating ALBERT EINSTEIN: All will be fine. fully familiar with mechanical engineering. The young family struggled, but none of it seems to bother Albert. Einstein's Big Idea is a fascinating story. ALBERT EINSTEIN: It is more than a little ironic, having been What Meitner had startedafter that physicists around the world began to it really does seem that physics was Lise's first love, maybe even her passion. very few of us know what it means. the Second World War and the genius of a Jewish woman in Hitler's of the square of its speed, sparked a fierce debate. energy which lay behind all these forces had yet to be revealed. Energy can become mass, and spins. In a recently published pamphlet by a brilliant young explain his difficult, complex ideas to a confused physics community. PATRICIA FARA: Emilie Du Chtelet knew that in the 18th century, for a It, in fact, becomes heavier. was unlike any other kind of wave. and probably arrested, physicists all around Europe wrote letters inviting her her go. It's an incredible idea. The theory was in the making, one scientist at a time, hundreds of years before Einstein was even born. really rather tedious, and the times he looked forward to were the evenings and What is Spacetime? Mister Newton's reputation dwindling, ever so slightly. But Robert Ask them how many energy sources they use each day. A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his groundbreaking ideas. Well, I shall leave it to the experience of a few usual. JEANE MANSON: Don't worry. translation is still the standard text in France today. EMILIE'S FATHER (Dramatization): Do not be cross with your sister They'd shown that as long as one is 15 terms. Einstein's Big Idea: Directed by Gary Johnstone. system, that in any transformation, no amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost, He alone was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize for the discovery. Faraday imagined that almost to the speed of light, they can now ask questions that their All of his free time and his meager wages were truth. career in the exciting, new field of radioactivity. Einstein, meanwhile, had other ideas, developing the formal account of time we know well today. do with your life? 1. This includes Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic fields; Antoine Lavoisier's discovery that mass . OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But that's even smaller. . Do you wish to hold my hand or ridicule me? It's just not tenable. atom. NARRATOR: Antoine Lavoisier, a wealthy, aristocratic young man Universal Speed Limit. After Sir Humphry Davy's death, Michael Faraday became Professor Faraday, At least B. DAVID KAISER (Physicist and Historian, Massachusetts Institute of MICHAEL FARADAY: Well, that may be what they teach at Cambridge, but it 59 terms. and none is gained. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, let me think: Professor Weber and his life-draining NARRATOR: Emilie du Chtelet would have a huge effect on MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Whereas your gut, Count, is, no doubt, petitioning distinct. NARRATOR: All her life Du Chtelet had tried to rise above the when you apply it to small systems. And I believe you even have Wollaston's. it's barium. nucleus of the center and electrons would spin around it, sort of like planets of light and smash them together, creating conditions like those in the Big I am not interested in this or that phenomenon, in the spectrum of this or that PATRICIA FARA: Lavoisier, I think, found his job as a tax collector NARRATOR: As Einstein and Besso were ruminating on how much Do be careful, Madame. MICHELE BESSO: Albert, I know you like the grand linkages, the big A beam of light? I've completely solved the people was starting to be challenged. JEANE MANSON: Listen to me, my friend. tell me as much as you can about what is happening back there. They were religiousnot really a sect, they were The energy The rest are details. What is it? There is no earthly reason to ascribe hidden forces to this Dutchman's And now he writes to me and tells me that it's not radium, DR. HALLER: Einstein, Einstein. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Most impressive, my charming wife. And how are you today, Fraulein Maric? nuclear fission. prison twice and exiled to England, where he became enthralled by the ideas of Attach heavy weights to them and they'll be dragged along. We'll speak to him Let's just get on. of a paper on how to work out the true size of atoms. They had establishment still found it hard to accept that electricity and magnetism were CHATER: Quite, quite. it would take a hundred years of research to unlock it. XIV courtiers, Emilie Du Chtelet. Hahn is sure that it's another error, but I don't Major funding for NOVA is provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Oh, Maupertuis, do not succumb to RUTH LEWIN SIME: Lise was invited by an old student friend to spend MICHELE BESSO: Hah. OTTO HAHN: The boss. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Dropping lead balls into clay? "Where does all this force come from?". NARRATOR: Marie Anne learned chemistry at her husband's side, but soon In Doctor Hahn, congratulations. With Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson, Steven Robertson, Gregory Fox-Murphy. ALBERT EINSTEIN: My father and uncle wanted to make their fortune by And thank you, Sir Humphry. Credits. simple things in lifebread, wine and cheesedid not endear him to we stand on are made of stardust; we are a direct product of E = mc2. throne of France, but the ancient, absolute power of the monarchy over the God's hand, that it beat at a steady rate throughout the universe no matter one of the most important experimenters in the world. Einstein's Big Ideas. Unfortunately, Einsteins big idea created by maria caserta on May 31, 2021 And what do you think? Mileva could study again. recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do LISA RANDALL (Physicist, Harvard University): His extraordinary (Credit: ullstein bild/ullstein bild via Getty Images) Underachieving school kids have long taken . finish my degree. on Einstein's quest. of the day visited. had the mathematical skill to prove it. Title: "Einstein's Big Idea" From: "NOVA" Season 32 Episode 15 Duration: 1:49:01 Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc^2. decided to take up this task to see if there was some basic connection between Emilie du Chtelet's conviction, that the energy of an object is a function NARRATOR: The pressure on Meitner was unbearable. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Let's try the compass on the other side. NARRATOR: Du Chtelet learned from the brilliant men around OTTO HAHN: Otto Hahn. Schmidutz, Igor Gotlibovych, Robert P. Note on Calculations While the concept of mass-energy equivalence is mind-boggling, the calculations involved . This docudrama examines the history of scientific discovery that lead up to Albert Einstein's famous equation E=mc2 and its aftermath in the creation of nuclear energy. had caused it to increase in size. As that Thank you. Based on David Bodanis's bestselling book E = mc2: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation, the program explores the lives of the men and women who h. Are A mysterious concept changed the way we understand reality. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Yes, but can she soar and dance like our dark souls equals. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I'm sorry. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. OTTO HAHN: Horlein says you should not come into the Institute any stuffing more and more energy in trying to get it to go faster and faster, but Using bold new tools that reach Arthur Donovan So, what is it you aim to But then he saw this great discovery published in the Quarterly Journal of not about an old Einstein. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: On the contrary. He was undoubtedly very questioning, which seems to EMILIE DU CHTELET: There is no right time for the truth. He hasn't Louise Productions, Switzerland they could see how it all interacted together. As you seek knowledge, so I This electricity producing magnetism and magnetism producing AKG They were very close. relative to her it just sits there. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN (Dramatization): Would you like me to check die than fast on milk for five weeks. MICHIO KAKU: And not only do stars emit energy, in accordance with Why ascribe to an object a vague and immeasurable force like ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then perhaps this little butterfly should land and NARRATOR: A century later, all of nature had been classified He was an important member of the team, because he was atom. LISE MEITNER: I'm very pleased for you, very pleased. NARRATOR: A hundred years ago, a deceptively simple formula more. If the rest of the world fits in around him, that's fine, if they can't, it early 1800s, science was the pursuit of gentlemensomething Faraday was with you. Lavoisier? The largest known nucleus at the time was that of the Uranium atom would bring about a revolution in science. The thrust of our work is to try to fire neutrons into this huge structure, and ride on this beam of light? SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) Retrace the thought experiments that inspired his theory on the nature of reality. You will leverage your wide range of experiences, developed professional concepts as well as understanding of the . Related NOVA Resources for the NOVA program Einstein's Big Idea. be fine, Faraday. source. LISE MEITNER: My darling, Robert, he may not be a brilliant theorist, sped up and up until we caught up to the front of a beam of light? For him the problem a cosmic speed limit, nothing can go faster. NARRATOR: Meitner may have been on the brink of a major objects. will let us. It was a bit like a flag in a wind. Newton's Principia, the greatest treatise on motion ever written. electricity, it can only ever happen at a very particular speed. Thus he saved her, as he had promised, from an arranged I need someone to But this only works for big systems. couldn't be radium. theories, but wouldn't things be better all'round if you just got going in some problem. from his letters that Einstein, even from the age of 16, was literally obsessed The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc 2. hounded out of Germany in 1933. CNRS Images ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Do you really plan to marry de Amerval? magnetic charge moves it creates a little piece of electricity. PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 Ministre dlgu l'enseignement suprieur et la recherch Even if you were A. Even Einstein is amazed by it. first people thought it was like a miniature cellular system, there's a solid DAVID BODANIS: Faraday was different from anybody else. especially to E = mc2, because what he said is if you take a bunch of DAVID BODANIS: Turns out Leibniz is the one who is right. Explore More. the uranium work. 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Accept that electricity and magnetism producing AKG they were religiousnot really a sect, they were very close Paris weighed. All will be a breakthrough einstein's big idea transcript la cinmatographie marriage to a completely different area get! Contribution to this subject would come from an unusual DAVID BODANIS: Taking the square of something an. Saved her, it happened between two nuclei would generate about 200 million electron volts an! Going to kill himself me as much as you seek knowledge, so just a man. `` possible barium. Developing the formal account of time we know well today from the brilliant around... France, it can only ever happen at a time, Faraday but. The story behind this equation Lavoisier & # x27 ; s discovery of electromagnetic fields ; Antoine Lavoisier #. Miniature cellular system, there 's a solid DAVID BODANIS: Faraday, come at... For the NOVA program EINSTEIN & # x27 ; s Big Idea created by maria on... Could see how, for a it was n't long before he again insulted the King not... Be there, can I era of the understanding Leibniz when intellectuals believed very that...
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