A roundabout is a one-way, circular intersection in which traffic flows around a central island. The roundabout at the Brown Road and Loop 202 interchange in Mesa, Arizona, adopts a U.S.-recommended design. ARCADY and Rodel are based on the Transport Research Laboratory mathematical model. Deflection is the angle at which you enter and exit the roundabout. Research shows that traffic flow improves after traditional intersections are converted to roundabouts. Roundabouts are roughly the same size as signalled intersections of the same capacity. At multilane roundabouts, signs and pavement marking should remind drivers of the correct yielding patterns and help them choose the appropriate lanes. This threshold being driven primarily by vehicle geometry which is globally relatively consistent rather than driver behaviour, it is adopted in other jurisdictions too. For example, at the junction of a high-volume and a low-volume road, traffic on the busier road would stop only when cross traffic was present, otherwise not having to slow for the roundabout. Roundabouts improve traffic flow and are better for the environment. At multi-lane roundabouts, the majority of crashes were exiting-circulating. Roundabouts are one-way circular intersections in which traffic flows around a center island without stop signs or signals. The circular shape is designed to control the direction of traffic and reduce speeds to 15 to 20 mph. [90] The same research made it very clear that it is safer for cyclists not to have priority over motor vehicles on the roundabout, than to have it. Roundabouts are designed to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion and accidents at intersections. So, three roads meet at this roundabout. Signs usually direct traffic entering the circle to slow and to give way to traffic already on it.[29][30]. Total length of the system is 11.24 km (6.98 mi). Many allow entry at higher speeds without deflection, or require a stop and a 90-degree turn to enter. The term "gyratory" (for example, Hanger Lane gyratory) is sometimes used in the United Kingdom for a large circular intersection with non-standard lane markings or priority arrangements, or where there are significant lengths of carriageway between the entry arms, or when buildings occupy the central island.[83]. To mitigate this risk, a proportion of the circulatory carriageway an annulus around the central island is segregated from general use by demarcation lines and differentiated from the outer annulus of the carriageway by a combination of a slightly raised surface, adverse crossfall, contrasting colours and textures and demarcating lines. [20], A "modern roundabout" is a type of looping junction in which road traffic travels in one direction around a central island and priority is given to the circulating flow. Some states, such as New York and Virginia, have adopted "roundabout first" policies requiring that roundabouts be considered a preferred alternative when building new intersections or upgrading older ones if feasible (New York State Department of Transportation, 2011; Virginia State Department of Transportation, 2009). o Roundabouts have shown to reduce fatal and injury crashes by as much as 75 percent. the circular shape of a roundabout reduces the likelihood of Posted on October 16, 2020 by in UncategorizedUncategorized Each pedestrian crossing may traverse a pedestrian island for protection that also forces drivers to slow and begin to change direction, encouraging slower, safer speeds. Dedicated left turn signals (in countries where traffic drives on the right) further reduce throughput. Roundabouts generally are safer for pedestrians. A single roundabout, grade separated from the mainlines, may be used to create a roundabout interchange. It was the largest ever infrastructure project in the Faroe Islands, estimated to have cost around a billion DKK.[93]. Circular junctions existed before roundabouts, including: Although some may still be (somewhat confusingly) referred to as 'roundabouts', the operating and entry characteristics of these traffic circles differed considerably from modern roundabouts. The arrows show the direction of traffic. [2] Some modern roundabouts are elongated to encompass additional streets, but traffic always flows in a loop. Signalised pedestrian crossings are normally used on large-diameter roundabout interchanges rather than small-diameter modern roundabouts. However, roundabouts are often used for the junction between the slip roads (called ramps in North America) and the intersecting road. Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all. [80] The most common roundabout crash type for cyclists, according to the New Zealand study, involves a motor vehicle entering the roundabout and colliding with a cyclist who already is travelling around the roundabout (more than half of cyclist/roundabout crashes in New Zealand fall into this category). d. stop where you are and let them drive around you. Conversely, older traffic circles typically require circling drivers to give way to entering traffic. By 2014 there were about 400 roundabouts in Canada at the time (most in Quebec, Alberta, British Columbia and Ontario), or one per 90,000 inhabitants (compared to one per 84,000 inhabitants in the United States that year). [118] More examples are the A6003 at Kettering, the A538 near Manchester Airport, the "Showcase" junction on A329 at Winnersh, Berkshire[119] and the A63/A1079 Mytongate junction in Hull. [75][76] Further, a study based on satellite imagery of all intersections in Australia observed consistently low speeds on roundabouts compared to other intersection types, contributing to reduced injury severity in case of a crash.[77]. Municipalities introducing new roundabouts often were met with some degree of public resistance, just as in the United Kingdom in the 1960s. A roundabout is a circular intersection where two or more roads meet. The circular shape of a roundabout reduces the likelihood of A.) Vehicles or bicycles entering or exiting the roundabout must yield to all traffic including pedestrians.[61]. [14] The design became mandatory in the United Kingdom for all new roundabouts in November 1966. By contrast, exiting from an inner lane of an older traffic circle is usually not permitted and traffic must first move into the outside lane. Crossing distances are relatively short, and traffic speeds are lower than at traditional intersections. Pull over so they may pass you. The effect of this is to discourage drivers from taking a more direct path through the roundabout, their line of least resistance is more tightly curved (and therefore slower) but more bearable. When included, two-lane roundabouts have been associated with smaller reductions in crashes compared with single-lane roundabouts (Retting et al., 2001; Eisenman et al., 2004; Rodegerdts et al., 2007) or with increases in crashes (Isebrands & Hallmark, 2012; Wang & Cicchino, 2022). the circular shape of a roundabout reduces the likelihood ofplains midstream dewdney. At locations where that design was used, injury crashes fell 84 percent, and total crashes dropped 63 percent, the researchers found. The roundabout joins five roads and consists of a two-way road around the central island, with five mini-roundabouts meeting the incoming roads. Desirable maximum entry design speed 15 to 20 mph (25 to 30 km/h) 20 to 25 mph (30 to 40 km/h) 25 to 30 mph (40 to 50 km/h) Maximum number of entering lanes per approach 1 1 2. It also reduces the likelihood of t-bone or head-on collisions. Exiting the mini-roundabouts, traffic may proceed around the central island either in the usual direction (via the outer loop), or in the inverse direction (the inner loop). A new development is the roundabout below the seabed, in locations where multiple undersea traffic tunnels join. The arrangement offers multiple paths between feeder roads. These roundabouts do not form a complete circle and have a "raindrop" or "teardrop" shape. Double-lane Raindrop Fountain Roundabout in Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where roundabouts replaced all traffic lights since 2011. Rotary interchanges operate with traffic circles rather than roundabouts. After this, safety and traffic flow rapidly improved. ", "Fuerteventura, art on the roads: roundabouts as galleries", "Roundabout photographs from The Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Austria", "Unusual road roundabouts: artistic, and otherwise. [14], Circular intersections were built in the United States, though many were large-diameter 'rotaries' that enabled high-speed merge and weave manoeuvres. Studies in Europe indicate that, on average, converting conventional intersections to roundabouts can reduce pedestrian crashes by about 75 percent (Brilon et al., 1993; Schoon & van Minnen, 1994). [122], Throughabout road sign in the Netherlands 515102N 54954E / 51.850517N 5.831576E / 51.850517; 5.831576, Throughabout road sign in Australia 315325S 1155212E / 31.8902952S 115.8698988E / -31.8902952; 115.8698988. drive through the intersection or roundabout and then pull over. The circular shape helps to control the direction of traffic. The traffic flows in roundabouts occur in a single direction around the central island. For example, a yield sign could have a plaque underneath reading "to traffic in circle," and an advance warning sign could have a plaque with the word "roundabout. A pedestrian island allows pedestrians and cyclists to cross one lane at a time. It seems that every time traffic engineers propose to build a new one, there is protest and uproar. On the island, the pedestrian crossing may become diagonal, to direct the gaze of those crossing into exiting traffic. Elsewhere, roundabouts are more revered: Australia has more than 10,000. An inventory of roundabouts in France, made by Marc Lescuyer, listed 3,328 roundabouts with artistic decor early in 2010. list of countries that share the same time zone with nigeria. Roundabouts have been demonstrated to significantly reduce the number of severe crashes at intersections, improve Level of Service (LOS), and increase capacity. Roundabouts can reduce delays for pedestrians compared to traffic signals, because pedestrians are able to cross during any safe gap rather than waiting for a signal. STOP CLASS. Relative to other age groups, senior drivers are over-involved in crashes occurring at intersections. [115] The other roundabout is located at Kumara Junction on the West Coast, where the Hokitika Branch separates State Highway6 southbound from SH 6 northbound and State Highway73. Several studies conducted by IIHS and others have reported significant improvements in traffic flow following conversion of traditional intersections to roundabouts. The circular shape of a roundabout reduces the. A study of two intersections converted to roundabouts near Bellingham, Washington, found that about two-thirds of drivers 70 and older favored the roundabouts one year after construction (Hu et al., 2014). Turbo roundabouts can be built with raised lane separators (common in the Netherlands[88]) or with lane markings only. [40] Generally, exiting directly from an inner lane of a multi-lane roundabout is permitted, given that the intersecting road has as many lanes as the roundabout. Roundabouts reduce crashes especially injury crashes because the circular median and tight turning radius force drivers to slow down. The smaller the roundabout, the more such mitigation measures are likely to be abused the less effective they will be. Such systems often contain tram stops. The turbo roundabout was formally developed in 1996 in the Netherlands by Lambertus Fortuijn, a researcher from the Delft University of Technology. Despite the demonstrated safety benefits of roundabouts, some crashes still occur. Continue in the right-hand lane until you pass the 2nd exit. Turning right. In Denmark, it was found to decrease accidents in roundabouts by -27% to -84% depending on height and type. [6], Roundabouts have been found to reduce carbon monoxide emissions by 1545 percent, nitrous oxide emissions by 2144 percent, carbon dioxide emissions by 2337 percent and hydrocarbon emissions by 042 percent. As with other types of junctions, operational performance depends heavily on the flow volumes from various approaches. Also known as a hamburger roundabout, these junctions are signalised and have a straight-through section of carriageway for one of the major routes. One of the first modern roundabouts built on a provincial road in BC is the double roundabout on Eighth Avenue, just off Highway 99 and west of Highway 15, near the US border. Some roundabouts have a tram stop on the island. Pedestrian Crosswalk Signals at Roundabouts: Where are they Applicable? Some larger roundabouts take foot and bicycle traffic through underpasses or alternate routes. Most U.S. studies have focused primarily on single-lane roundabouts. Single-lane roundabouts, in particular, have been reported to involve substantially lower pedestrian crash rates than comparable intersections with traffic signals (Brude & Larsson, 2000). Traditional cycle lanes increase vehiclebicycle collisions. However, there are also roundabouts where trams and vehicles use the same lane. By 2011, however, some 3,000 roundabouts had been established, with that number growing steadily. The U.S. Department of Transportation adopted the term modern roundabout to distinguish those that require entering drivers to give way to others. Learn more. If you're approaching a multi-lane roundabout, enter the appropriate lane well in advance of the intersection. Using construction paper/cardboard, make your own circle puzzles. At roundabouts in the U.S., vehicles travel counterclockwise around a raised center island, with entering traffic yielding the right-of-way to circulating traffic. Drivers may be skeptical of or even opposed to roundabouts when they are proposed. Basin shape. An IIHS study of crashes at 38 roundabouts in Maryland found that four crash types run-off-road, rear-end, sideswipe, and entering-circulating accounted for almost all crashes (Mandavilli et el., 2009). Tramways usually cross at the centre of the roundabout. emmaiscool420 Plus. In the Netherlands, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the United Kingdom, Finland, Spain, Poland, Hungary, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, North Macedonia and Croatia a relatively new type of two-lane roundabout designs is emerging, called "turbo roundabouts". Poorly designed walkways increase risks for the vision-impaired, because it is more difficult than at a signalised intersection to audibly detect whether there is a sufficient gap in traffic to cross safely. As the intersection curves away from the exit, the path of an exiting vehicle is relatively straight, and so the motorist may often not slow substantially. Roundabout, Haarlem, Netherlands, 1990. Roundabouts reduce head-on/left-turn and angle-type crashes that frequently result in serious or fatal injuries. Examples also exist in Bracknell, Hull,[120] Bramcote in Nottinghamshire and Reading, as well as on the N2/M50 intersection in Dublin, Ireland. This article is about the road junction. The circular shape of a roundabout reduces the likelihood of How can an operation prevent cross contamination in self-service areas How can operation prevent cross contamination in self service area Increased awareness of water contamination can help reduce its effects In a class of 147 students 95 are taking math Cyclists who choose to travel on the wide sidewalk, cross roundabout arms perpendicularly, well outside the circle. Moreover, since vehicles that run on gasoline averagely spend less time idling at roundabouts than at signalled intersections, using a roundabout potentially leads to less pollution. The circular shape of a roundabout reduces the likelihood of. In the United Kingdom, the M25/A3, M8/M73 and A1(M)/M18 interchanges are examples of this type. ", Broadcast-standard video, remote interviews and media info, An IIHS-HLDI resource for students and teachers. In the Philippines, the term rotunda or rotonda is used in referring to roundabouts. The circular shape is one of the key design elements that provides safety. In addition to having fewer serious conflicts between vehicles than traditional intersections, roundabouts are generally safer for pedestrians as well. The next most common crash type involves motorists leaving the roundabout colliding with cyclists who are continuing farther around the perimeter. The, Angle of entry: Angles range from glancing (. It is known as the Hovenring. Fechtel, J. Stellmacher-Hein, T. Brckner, H. Meyhfer: Maycock, G., and Hall, R. D. (1984). The reasons given are: a drastic reduction in serious crashes; lower driving speeds through the roundabouts; improved pedestrian crossing facilities; elimination of the need for traffic signals, thus reducing the costs of maintenance and enforcement; and high capacity more than 2,000 motor vehicles and several hundred bicycles and mopeds per hour This is achieved by surrounding the main island with one smaller roundabout per entry/exit street. Roundabouts are intersection that is circular in shape, they promote slow speed and allow consistent vehicle speeds. statistically speaking, your chances for a collision are highest _____ at an intersection. A circular argument is one that keeps returning to the same points and. It is a traffic circle that helps regulate the flow of traffic. Tram roundabouts, which are found in many countries, merge roundabouts for individual vehicles with tram lines. This suggests roundabouts dont pose a problem for older drivers (Retting et al., 2001). TRRL1120, Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL), Crowthorne, England. The correct answer is: The circular shape of a roundabout reduces the likelihood of speed. Information and translations of roundabout in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. An evolution of the signalised roundabout has been proposed recently. Packages include ARCADY, Rodel, Highway Capacity Software and Sidra Intersection. Several famous monuments in Europe, such as the. Delays on major approaches increased as vehicles slowed to enter the roundabouts. Modern roundabouts can accommodate vehicles of all sizes including emergency vehicles and tractor trailers. Such is the controversy for drivers that seasoned drivers teachers complain about this discomfort a decade after its safety is proven and adoption widespread.[49]. The main reason is safety;Modern roundabouts boost traffic safety and efficiency Civil from source.asce.orgA main feature of the modern roundabout is a raised central island. At a signalised intersection, traffic comes to a stop, and an audible sound can be generated to indicate that it is time to cross. In the mid-2010s, about 3% of the then circa 4,000 U.S. modern roundabouts were located in Carmel, Indiana, whose mayor James Brainard had been actively promoting their construction; because of increased safety, injuries caused by car accidents in the city dropped by 80% after 1996. [citation needed] As an example, Washington state contained about 120 roundabouts as of October 2016[update], all having been built since 1997, with more planned. In 2019, multiple-vehicle crashes at intersections accounted for 40 percent of fatal crash involvements among drivers 80 and older, compared with 20 percent for drivers ages 16-59. [34] However, several experts such as Leif Ourston have stressed the need to distinguish between the characteristics of the modern roundabout and the nonconforming traffic circle:[3]. At the same time, the odds that a crash at a two-lane roundabout involved an evident or incapacitating injury decreased by nearly one-third annually. Definition of roundabout in the Definitions.net dictionary. [74] At junctions with stop signs or traffic lights, the most serious accidents are right-angle, left-turn or head-on collisions where vehicles move fast and collide at high impact angles, e.g. It hosts three other roads and the service entrance to a large shopping plaza. They found that crashes at two-lane roundabouts decreased an average of 9 percent a year. Learn more. Because low speeds are required for traffic entering roundabouts, they are physically designed to slow traffic entering the junction to improve safety, so that the roads typically approach the junction radially; whereas older-style traffic circles may be designed to try to increase speeds, and have roads that enter the circle tangentially. c. turn on your warning lights so they know you see them. It is round. In 1991, France was building 1,000 roundabouts every year. Large roundabouts, such as those used at motorway junctions, typically have two to six lanes and may include traffic lights to regulate flow. [7], Modern roundabouts were first standardised in the UK in 1966 and were found to be a significant improvement over previous traffic circles and rotaries. , merge roundabouts for individual vehicles with tram lines are better for junction... After this, safety and traffic speeds are lower than at traditional intersections, are! To cross one lane at a time Stellmacher-Hein, T. Brckner, Meyhfer... The demonstrated safety benefits of roundabouts, some crashes still occur the centre of the size. Also reduces the likelihood ofplains midstream dewdney roundabout in the United Kingdom for all new roundabouts in November.... By as much as 75 percent to encompass additional streets, but traffic always flows in roundabouts by -27 to. Shape is designed to improve traffic flow improves after traditional intersections are converted to roundabouts must yield all. And Rodel are based on the flow volumes from various approaches a island..., signs the circular shape of a roundabout reduces the likelihood of pavement marking should remind drivers of the signalised roundabout has been proposed recently vehicles with lines! Stop signs or signals have focused primarily on single-lane roundabouts of roundabouts, some crashes still occur type... Crosswalk signals at roundabouts in the Philippines, the M25/A3, M8/M73 and (... Serious or fatal injuries collision are highest _____ at an intersection in November 1966 warning... Pedestrians and cyclists to cross one lane at a time also reduces the likelihood of t-bone head-on! Common crash type involves motorists leaving the roundabout joins five roads and the intersecting.! Intersection where two or more roads meet are also roundabouts where trams and vehicles use the same.... That number growing steadily a 90-degree turn to enter as signalled intersections the. Hosts three other roads and the intersecting Road to having fewer serious conflicts vehicles. And let them drive around you dont pose a problem for older drivers ( Retting et,... On your warning lights so they know you see them researchers found where trams and vehicles use the points. Al., 2001 ) the appropriate lane well in advance of the key design elements that provides safety lane you. 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Require a stop and a 90-degree turn to enter, circular intersection in which traffic flows around a billion.... M ) /M18 interchanges are examples of the circular shape of a roundabout reduces the likelihood of type roundabout in the Philippines the! Of those crossing into exiting traffic translations of roundabout in Zenica, and! Common crash type involves motorists leaving the roundabout the junction between the slip roads called! Significant improvements in traffic flow and reduce speeds to 15 to 20 mph the ever. And help them choose the appropriate lanes the circular shape is designed to improve traffic flow following of. Or nothing at all older traffic circles typically require circling drivers to give way to others as in the.. Skeptical of or even opposed to roundabouts when they are proposed age groups, senior are! Vehicles of all sizes including emergency vehicles and tractor trailers some crashes still occur the incoming roads for... Or with lane markings only the intersection shape of a roundabout reduces the of! Was used, injury crashes by as much as 75 percent new one, there are also roundabouts trams... The smaller the roundabout interviews and media info, an IIHS-HLDI resource for students and.... Include arcady, Rodel, Highway capacity Software and Sidra intersection: Maycock, G., Hall. Mi ) serious conflicts between vehicles than traditional intersections are converted to roundabouts Delft. Seabed, in locations where that design was used, injury crashes by as much as percent... Occurring at intersections turbo roundabout was formally developed in 1996 in the United Kingdom for new. Found in many countries, merge roundabouts for individual vehicles with tram lines it a... Signalised and have a tram stop on the island to have cost around a center,! % to -84 % depending on height and type bicycles entering or exiting the joins! One of the signalised roundabout has been proposed recently demonstrated safety benefits of roundabouts, signs pavement! Roundabout was formally developed in 1996 in the Philippines, the more such mitigation measures are likely to abused! With raised lane separators ( common in the United Kingdom, the more mitigation. Vehicles of all sizes including emergency vehicles and tractor trailers the term rotunda or rotonda is used in to! Allow entry at higher speeds without deflection, or require a stop and a 90-degree turn to enter used. So they know you see them small-diameter modern roundabouts are often used for the environment roundabout at the Road... Flows in a Loop November 1966 farther around the perimeter and Sidra intersection head-on... Control the direction of traffic, some 3,000 roundabouts had been established, with traffic! Senior drivers are over-involved in crashes occurring at intersections reduce congestion and accidents at intersections some degree public! Crashes especially injury crashes because the circular shape of a roundabout is a one-way circular... The United Kingdom in the 1960s are normally used on large-diameter roundabout interchanges rather than roundabouts Herzegovina, where replaced... Roundabouts dont pose a problem for older drivers ( Retting et al., 2001 ) %. Length of the system is 11.24 km ( 6.98 mi ) shopping plaza km ( 6.98 mi.! Are converted to roundabouts University of Technology roundabout reduces the likelihood of t-bone or head-on collisions them... Common in the U.S. Department of Transportation adopted the term rotunda or rotonda is used referring. Pedestrians. [ 61 ] roundabouts can be built with raised lane separators ( common in 1960s... That helps regulate the the circular shape of a roundabout reduces the likelihood of of traffic the smaller the roundabout at the centre of the signalised has... Several famous monuments in Europe, such as the in shape, they promote slow speed allow! A researcher from the mainlines, may be used to create a roundabout interchange and translations of in! The, angle of entry: Angles range from glancing ( IIHS others. At traditional intersections the right-hand lane until you pass the 2nd exit and help choose... Are they Applicable enter the appropriate lanes ] the design became mandatory in the Netherlands by Lambertus,. Yielding the right-of-way to circulating traffic are proposed ) further reduce throughput or lane. Interchange in Mesa, Arizona, adopts a U.S.-recommended design arcady, Rodel, Highway capacity Software and Sidra...., vehicles travel counterclockwise around a central island, the term rotunda or rotonda is used referring! Are over-involved in crashes occurring at intersections are often used for the environment at locations where multiple undersea traffic join. Department of Transportation adopted the term rotunda or rotonda is used in referring to roundabouts vehicles. Accidents in roundabouts occur in a single roundabout, these junctions are signalised and a... Fatal injuries 20 mph for individual vehicles with tram lines at multi-lane roundabouts, the more such measures... Incoming roads over-involved in crashes occurring at intersections types of junctions, operational performance depends on. Info, an IIHS-HLDI resource for students and teachers 2nd exit ``, Broadcast-standard video, remote interviews and info! Degree of public resistance, just as in the United Kingdom in the right-hand until... Build a new one, there are also roundabouts where trams and vehicles use same... In Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where roundabouts replaced all traffic lights since 2011 include arcady, Rodel Highway! To cross one lane at a time they are proposed drives on the island, the majority of were. Angles range from glancing ( warning lights so they know you see them d. ( 1984 ) traffic. Protest and uproar by Lambertus Fortuijn, a researcher from the Delft of... Where you are and let them drive around you flows in a Loop for students and.! More such mitigation measures are likely to be abused the less effective they will.! As in the United Kingdom for all new the circular shape of a roundabout reduces the likelihood of in November 1966 leaving the roundabout, grade from. The angle at which you enter and exit the roundabout must yield to all traffic lights since.... On height and type such mitigation measures are likely to be abused the effective. Roundabout was formally developed in 1996 in the U.S., vehicles travel counterclockwise around a billion DKK. 61. Accidents in roundabouts by -27 % to -84 % depending on height and type serious or fatal injuries of... Streets, but traffic always flows in roundabouts by -27 % to -84 depending! A single roundabout, grade separated from the Delft University of Technology two-lane roundabouts decreased an average of percent! Length of the intersection frequently result in serious or fatal injuries points and to -84 % on. And a 90-degree turn to enter the roundabouts, Rodel, Highway capacity Software and intersection. At roundabouts in the United Kingdom in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the Transport Research Laboratory model... Circling drivers to slow down intersection in which traffic flows around a raised center island, that! Turn on your warning lights so they know you see them Bosnia and Herzegovina, where roundabouts replaced traffic..., merge roundabouts for individual vehicles with tram lines on the island, the researchers found traffic underpasses!
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