The desert is widely known for its extremely arid climatic conditions. There are five deserts in Pakistan. A thick accumulation of lime often occurs at varying depths. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. The southern region is known as Makran. In the desert, all these stomata would quickly dry out a plant. About 90 percent of the total annual rainfall occurs during the season of the southwest monsoon, from July to September (see also Indian monsoon). These mountain ranges extend from west to east, from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. It form barrier on Pak-Afghan border. In M. Julivert. In fact, it gets covered with lush green vegetation during February and March as the local farmers use the desert land for the cultivation of green chickpeas. When rain finally comes, the seeds sprout rapidly. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. This whirling column of hot air picks up dust and dirt. Although temperatures outside varied greatly from day to night, temperatures inside did not. Most desert birds are restricted to areas near water, such as river banks. Aridity is the most pervasive aspect of Pakistans climate, and its continental nature can be seen in the extremes of temperature. So desert plants typically have tiny, waxy leaves. The Indus Valley Desert is located in the northern area of Pakistan. The geography of India is constituted by these relief features. Dunes migrate constantly with the wind. In Arabia, Australia and North Africa reach altitudes of 100 meters and lengths greater than 100 kilometers (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). A cloudburst may bring as much as 25 centimeters (10 inches) of rain in a single hourthe only rain the desert gets all year.Desert humidity is usually so low that not enough water vapor exists to form clouds. They have a low organic content and are collectively known as the khaddar soils. We will provide you Access to all the travel agencies in Pakistan and will also deal with travel agencies in Pakistan to provide you easiness.Tourists will register with us through chat and we will deal with travel agencies.The purpose of this is to provide cost effective trip to Pakistan. In the Indian part of the desert, a second line goes from Merta Road to Suratgarh via Bikaner, and another connects Jodhpur and Jaisalmer. Tropical storms from the Arabian Sea provide precipitation to the coastal areas but are also variable in character. The major soil groupings are Indus basin soils, mountain soils, and sandy desert soils. The upper Indus Basin includes Punjab; the lower Indus Basin begins at the Panjnad River (the confluence of the eastern tributaries of the Indus) and extends south to the coast. 1. Thermal power-generating plants, fueled by coal and oil, supply power only locally in the large towns. Question 26. A coastal desert may be almost totally rainless, yet damp with fog.The Atacama Desert, on the Pacific shores of Chile, is a coastal desert. The Himalayas 2. The largest glacier is Engil'chek Glacier, which is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) long. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. South of this region, cultivation is confined mainly to riverine strips until the advent of irrigation. The lizard catches rain and dew in these grooves and sucks them into its mouth by gulping.Camels are very efficient water users. Air blowing toward shore, chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog. During a sudden storm, water scours the dry, hard-baked land, gathering sand, rocks, and other loose material as it flows. The Himalayas stretch continuously for about 2500km from east to west. Daytime temperatures in the Chihuahua can climb beyond 37C (100F), while nighttime temperatures can dip below freezing (0C or 32F). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Answer: Peninsular Plateau. The vegetation is equipped to survive the scarcity of rainfall and humidity. The irrigation project, which facilitated the emergence of intensive cultivation despite semi-arid conditions, resulted in important social and political transformations. A kaffiyeh is a rectangular piece of cloth folded loosely around the head to protect the wearer from sun exposure, dust, and sand. Saguaro cactuses, which live in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and northern Mexico, expand like accordions to store water in the cells of their trunks and branches. Mountain soils are both residual (i.e., formed in a stationary position) and transported. The Indus basin soils are mostly thick alluvium deposited by rivers and are of recent origin. There are also vast deserts in Pakistan. Most groundwater cannot be utilized, because it lies deep underground and is often saline. Situated at an elevation of 2,226 meters (7,303 feet) above sea level, the Katpana Desert is one of the highest deserts in the world. The city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, sits in the Arabian Desert. Small pores in the leaves, called stomata, take in carbon dioxide. The important of various relief features like Himalayas,plains,deserts,coastal plains etc are of greater importance as under: They influence the climate in various ways. Clothing is versatile and based on robes made of rectangles of fabric. In some waterlogged areas, however, these soils are salinized. . %PDF-1.3 Basins of Northern Balochistan They are long crests of sand that form more or less parallel to the prevailing wind and where the supply of sand is limited (Araucania geological routes, 2017). These cliff dwellings, sometimes dozens of meters off the ground, were constructed with thick, earthen walls that provided insulation. Deserts In Pakistan Deserts: 1. If desert communities use groundwater faster than it is replenished, water shortages can occur. Sunny skies. The Thar Region forms part of the bigger desert of the same name that sprawls over a vast area of Pakistan and India from Cholistan to Nagarparkar in Pakistan and from the south of the Haryana down to Rajasthan in India. Much of Pakistan's land area comprises either deserts or mountains. This desert consists of a very dry part, the Marusthali region, in the west, and a semi-desert region in the east with fewer sand dunes and slightly more precipitation. As the air rises, it cools and drops its moisture as heavy tropical rains. The formation of dunes according to the wind results from the influx of 3 factors: the speed at which the wind runs, the amount of sediment it will move and the amount of vegetation present. Approximately 42% (or 7,00,000 sq km) of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the . Question 25. Wind builds dunes that rise as high as 180 meters (590 feet). Dromedary camels, native to the Arabian and Sahara deserts, can lose up to 30 percent of their body weight without harm. Deserts occupy more than a fifth of the Earth's surface and are found on every continent (National Geographic, 2017). [7sa6 The roadrunner, native to the deserts of North America, obtains water from its food.Some xerocoles have bodies that help them handle the heat. As it approaches the tropics, the air descends and warms up again. [7] It is bordered by Iran and Afghanistan on the west; China on the north; the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir on the northeast; India on the east; and the Arabian Sea on the south. Freak FloodsDeserts are defined by their dryness. 1. Indian Relief Features The Great Himalayas The Himalayas are a group of geologically young and structurally fold mountains that extend past the northernmost limits of India. Pakistan is a subtropical country spread over an area of 79.6 million hectares (mha) lying between 24 and 37 N and 61 and 75 E. Most of the area is semiarid to arid, extending . Source: The Hindu Context: An intensive study of Earth's deep interior, based on the behaviour of seismic waves from large earthquakes, confirmed the existence of a distinct structure inside our planet's inner core - a hot innermost solid ball of iron and nickel about 800 miles (1,350 km) wide. However, flash floods take more lives in deserts than thirst does. It seeps into the ground, where it can remain for thousands of years.Underground water sometimes rises to the surface, forming springs or seeps. By using this website or by closing this dialog you agree with the conditions described. O Levels Topical Past Papers of Environment of Pakistan 2059/02 PAKISTAN STUDIES PAPERS (2002-2012) Compiled By : Rizwan Javed GCEGUIDE.COM fPaper II: Contents The natural Topography 2 Climate of Pakistan 19 Forests 61 Development of Mineral Resources 80 Fishing 89 Agriculture 98 Power Resources 143 Industries 160 Trade 193 Transport and . Whatever seasonal rain falls is collected in tanks and reservoirs and is used for drinking and domestic purposes. Karakum desert. Many nomads are engaged in animal husbandry, crafts, or trade. It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. When the wind is constant, the shape of the curves is symmetrical. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topography_of_Pakistan&oldid=1117077755, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 October 2022, at 20:30. Results. For example, the mountain ranges along the . It is extensively farmed for wheat, rice sugarcane and Cotton. Deserts are divided into these types according to the causes of their dryness.Subtropical DesertsSubtropical deserts are caused by the circulation patterns of air masses. The Sindh. Nara and Tharparker Deserts 15. Devil of a StormDust devils are common in hot deserts. The main features of the Indian dessert are as follows (i) The Indian desert lies towards the Western margins of the Aravalli hills. Much of the coastal region is arid desert with sand dunes and large volcanic mountainous features. It showcases the rich heritage of Rajasthan and its culture. Desertification has severely reduced the wetland habitats surrounding the lake, as well as its fishery and grazing lands.Desertification is not new. Insects such as moths and flies are abundant in the desert. They are found along the Tropic of Cancer, between 15 and 30 degrees north of the Equator, or along the Tropic of Capricorn, between 15 and 30 degrees south of the Equator.Hot, moist air rises into the atmosphere near the Equator. There are green mountains and dry mountains, land rich for cultivating, and waterfalls. Deserts that seem desolate during the day are very active in the cool nighttime air. Overgrazing and deforestation remove plants that anchor the soil. They are bounded to the north-west by the Hindu Kush mountain range and to the north by the Karakoram. These shimmering waves confuse the eye, causing travelers to see distorted images called mirages.Temperature extremes are a characteristic of most deserts. The desert spans an area of square kilometers and is surrounded by northwestern scrub forests. People, animals, and plants all surround these oases, which provide stable access to water, food, and shelter.When groundwater doesnt seep to the surface, people often drill into the ground to get to it. It has also spread into India. The relief in the area is remarkable due to its sharp contrasts and the multitude and variability of the morphological elements. The summit is oriented towards the direction where the prevailing winds travel (Types of dunes, 2017, page 33). In India, it covers about 320,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi), of which 60% is in Rajasthan and extends into Gujarat , Punjab, an d Haryana. Famous deserts of Pakistan, Pakistan is a country located in South Asia and occupies a total area of 827,913 square kilometres, making it the sixth-largest country in the world.It also has an estimated population of 207 million. Our country has all the features that one expects from a country. The ethnic composition of the Thar is diverse. For miles, where the only sources of water are the rains and the haze of the early morning, you will not find more plant life. A djebba is a short, square pullover shirt worn by men. The southeastern part of the Indus plain, from eastern Bahawalpur to the Thar Parkar region in the south, is a typical desert, an extension of the Thar Desert between Pakistan and India. Since the 1960s, Lake Chad has shrunk to half its size. Some geographers designate additional major regions. The prevailing southwest monsoon winds that bring rain to much of the subcontinent in summer tend to bypass the Thar to the east. The Balochistan plateau is located in the south-west of Pakistan with altitudes mainly ranging from 600 to 3010 metres. Among the migratory birds, sand grouse, ducks, and geese are common. In the plains, however, mean annual precipitation generally decreases from northeast to southwest, falling from about 20 inches (500 mm) at Lahore to less than 5 inches (130 mm) in the Indus River corridor and 3.5 inches (90 mm) at Sukkur. The Aswan Dam harnesses the power of the Nile for hydroelectricity used in industry. This type of dune has more than two crests (usually 3 or 4) that resemble the arms of a star, which are united in a central point whose height can ascend to 90 meters (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). Most of the Balochistan plateau, especially in the west and south, is exceptionally dry. The Sahara Desert is almost the size of the entire continental United States. Rainwater, including water from flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins. Under maritime influence, precipitation increases slightly to about 6 inches (155 mm) at Hyderabad and 8 inches (200 mm) at Karachi. It is the seventeenth largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. The desert cities of Jodhpur, Bikaner, and Jaisalmer are a must-visit for tourists. They are artificial deposits of dry river beds that only fill with water in the rainy season and then dry again when the rainfall ends so they are not long lasting. The largest glacier is Engil'chek Glacier, which is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) long. Soils in the vicinity of river courses are the most recent and vary in texture from sand to silt loam and silty clay loams. In broad valleys a surface of low relief and gentle downward slope occurs between the playa and other alluvial fans of the mountain front. Mexican access to the Colorado, which has its delta in the Mexican state of Baja California, was ignored. Leeward slopes face away from prevailing winds.When moisture-laden air hits a mountain range, it is forced to rise. Full of interesting facts that may not be known to your children. >> Due to this fact, a large part of the Kharan Desert is inhabited as it covers an area of 20,000 square kilometers and has a population of just 0.23 million, making one of the least populated deserts on earth. These soils are medium to fine in texture, have low organic content, and are highly productive under conditions of irrigation and fertilization. Evenings are cool; the diurnal variation in temperature may be as much as 20 to 30 F (11 to 17 C). The world's largest desert is located in Antarctica. She or he will best know the preferred format. This heavy fog drifts onto land. Desertification usually happens in semi-arid areas that border deserts.Human activities are a primary cause of desertification. The coastal plains 5. Gobi desert. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded a drop of rain.Rain Shadow DesertsRain shadow deserts exist near the leeward slopes of some mountain ranges. On the hills, gum arabic acacia and euphorbia may be found. In Pakistan, it spreads over Punjab and Sindh starting fromTharparkar Districtin the east. Large areas of desert soil are irrigated by water pumped from underground sources or brought by canal from distant rivers or lakes. The Brandberg, loftiest summit in Namibia, looms as a granite island from Namib Desert flats, for example. They are home to around 1 billion peopleone-sixth of the Earths population.Although the word desert may bring to mind a sea of shifting sand, dunes cover only about 10 percent of the worlds deserts. Today, people value desert resources and biodiversity. The thinly populated grasslands support blackbucks, chikara (gazelles), and some feathered game, notably francolins (partridges) and quail. Taking to his official Twitter handle, Sharif directed . Temperatures can drop to 4C (40F) or lower.In the Chihuahuan Desert, in the United States and Mexico, temperatures can vary by dozens of degrees in one day. Climatologists identify this period as the Green Sahara.Archaeological evidence of past settlements is abundant in the middle of what are arid, unproductive areas of the Sahara today. A flash flood like this can sweep away anything and anyone in its path. Death Valley, the lowest and driest place in North America, is in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains. We use cookies to provide our online service. And domestic purposes to night, temperatures inside did not arid climatic conditions it! Of rainfall and humidity and based on robes made of rectangles of fabric irrigated by water pumped from sources! Is symmetrical to night, temperatures inside did not husbandry, crafts, or trade square pullover worn. Our country has all the features that one expects from a country has its delta the..., were constructed with thick, earthen walls that provided insulation underground and is often saline on the,! 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